Harnessing nature-based solutions for sustainable ocean futures : a SET system analysis

Abstract

This study explores the pathways for scaling nature-based solutions using a socio-ecological-technological (SET) system perspective. It examines the integration of ecological values into socio-technical systems and the unintended consequences of sustainability interventions. Through two participatory workshops, the study investigates two nature-based innovations - marine protected areas and large-scale seaweed farming- aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)14 ‘Life below water’. The findings demonstrate that scaling NbS generates both opportunities and tensions arising from the interactions among social, ecological, and technological dimensions. Nature-value perspectives (‘nature for society’, ‘nature for nature’, and ‘nature as culture’) are used to map these dynamics, and the trade-offs between economic development, ecological resilience and social equity are discussed. The study proposes that integrating nature-value perspectives within strategic planning can enhance an organisation’s capacity to anticipate and manage trade-offs and unintended consequences from implementing sustainability strategies. It offers an approach to guide organisations towards more adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable interventions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.