Technocracy in planning policymaking : authority and decision-making in urban development

Abstract

The study examines the role of technocracy in fostering good governance by promoting transparent, accountable institutions that uphold the rule of law and sustainable, people-centered development alongside representative democracy. Using a qualitative approach, it analyses Malta’s Planning Authority as a case study, focusing on its technocratic role in policymaking, policy formulation, and execution within the planning and development sector. The Authority regulates land use, ensures sustainable development, protects cultural and environmental resources, and promotes orderly land use planning. The study traces the Planning Authority’s transformation from an independent technocratic institution to one increasingly influenced by political interests. Politicians, Planning Authority officials, and technocrats were consulted to explore how technocrats influence policymaking. Drawing on the philosophies of Habermas and John Dewey, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of a triangular model involving scientific experts, politicians, and knowledge-based interest groups. This model supports the development of credible policies focused on the common good, free from electoral or lobbying pressures. The findings affirm the value of technocratic expertise in all policymaking stages. The triangular model is deemed essential for crafting sustainable policies with a long-term vision that addresses economic, social, health, and environmental needs.