Sword and poniard : a tourism-based proposal for a long-term loan of ceremonial weaponry to solve an old property issue between Malta, France, and the Order of Malta

Abstract

Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Malta in 1798 and the subsequent colonialisation of Malta by the French Republic resulted in looting and destruction of significant cultural artifacts. This including the ceremonial sword and dagger of Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Order of Malta. Both artefacts are now in the Louvre. Repatriation of culturally significant art has recently been a subject of extensive global discussion, with its roots in the post-colonial ethical landscape and the shaping of national identities. There are mainly two key aspects: the legal structures within the contemporary international law and alternative, diplomatic approaches to solve disputes. This chapter explores both the legal and moral arguments that the Republic of Malta can present to have the ceremonial sword and dagger returned to Malta. In this chapter, it will be argued that in the case of Malta, the most appropriate model will be a long-term loan agreement between Malta and the Louvre.