Introduction [Law, humanities and tourism : interdisciplinay approaches to the restitution of cultural heritage]

Abstract

This edited volume, Law, Humanities, and Tourism: Interdisciplinary Approaches and Discussions to a Restitution of Cultural Heritage, Artworks, and Artifacts, embarks on a comprehensive exploration of these issues. Returning stolen art to its original owners or countries is motivated by ethical, legal, political, cultural, and economic factors. For instance, Slovenia's dogged pursuit of missing artworks is instructive, as many works of art were brought to safety during WWII but never returned. At the core is the ethical imperative to rectify past wrongs, particularly when art was taken during war, colonialism, or genocide. Many view the return of such works as a necessary act of justice and respect for the cultural heritage and identity of the original owners or countries. This ethical perspective is reinforced by international laws and conventions, as argued by the legal experts in this book, which prohibit illicit trade in cultural property and promote restitution. Legal obligations and proven ownership claims can compel individuals or nations to return stolen works to avoid litigation or penalties. However, from a political perspective, returning stolen art can serve as a gesture of goodwill that strengthens diplomatic ties, promotes international cooperation, and mitigates criticism. Countries or institutions often act to demonstrate their commitment to justice and to improve their global standing, especially when faced with public pressure. Cultural motivations also play a role, as restitution can foster dialogue, understanding, and reconciliation between cultures. It is sometimes part of broader agreements that involve cultural exchange or collaboration between institutions in the form of indefinite loans. Some solutions given here are based on a perspective of tourism, marketing and branding. Economic and reputational incentives further influence these decisions. Countries that return art may benefit from increased cultural tourism and international recognition, while museums and private collectors seek to uphold or enhance their reputations as legitimate and ethical entities. By returning stolen art, they distance themselves from the stigma of possessing looted artefacts and align themselves with global heritage preservation. Essentially, the decision to return stolen art is often shaped by ethical, legal, diplomatic, cultural, and economic motivations.