Narratives of people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community in Malta

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition that profoundly affects individuals physically, socially and emotionally. People living with COPD often face complex challenges, including persistent symptoms, stigma linked to smoking history, social isolation and barriers to accessing healthcare. Understanding these complex experiences is crucial to address the needs of individuals with COPD and to develop effective community-based care strategies. Aim: This study explores the lived experiences of individuals with COPD in the Maltese community, focusing on their personal narratives to understand how they cope with the disease, navigate social and healthcare challenges, and manage its impact on daily life. Design and Method: A qualitative exploratory phenomenological approach was used to gain in-depth insight into participants’ subjective experiences. Purposive sampling recruited individuals diagnosed with COPD from the Maltese community. Semi-structured interviews elicited detailed personal accounts, which were thematically analysed to identify core themes reflecting emotional, social and practical aspects of living with COPD. Finding’s: Key themes emerged, including emotional responses marked by guilt and shame related to smoking; social isolation driven by stigma and reduced social engagement; difficulties accessing timely and appropriate healthcare; and adaptive strategies employed to maintain quality of life (QOL). Despite these challenges, participants showed resilience and expressed a strong need for tailored support. The findings highlight the importance of community-based interventions and personalized care to meet the complex needs of people living with COPD. Conclusions: Living with COPD is a complex experience shaped by physical symptoms, emotional well-being, and social context. Stigma and healthcare access barriers significantly affect patients’ QOL, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive, community-focused support programs. This study recommends developing targeted initiatives to reduce stigma, improve healthcare accessibility and enhance coping strategies. Further research is needed to explore diverse populations and contexts to better inform care for individuals affected by COPD worldwide.