Biomechanical and clinical outcomes of a novel hallux valgus sock : a clinical study ΙΙ

Abstract

Background: Hallux Valgus (HV) is a common forefoot deformity, which is associated with pain, changed biomechanics, and functional limitations. The conservative management options are poorly defined in practice, but there may be opportunities for novel, low-cost treatment options.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect of a novel HV sock on plantar pressure distribution in people with HV compared to controls and as a stand-alone intervention.

Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled, pre–post experimental design was used and was undertaken with 100 participants (50 control and 50 experimental). The intervention group wore the HV sock on a daily basis for 6-months, and the control group received their usual podiatry care. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month plantar pressure distribution measured in both groups were assessed using a pressure mapping system that included regions; hallux, 1st MTPJ, 2-3rd , and 4-5th MTPJs. Statistical analysis was conducted using a mixed model ANOVA, to investigate any differences between groups over time.

Results: The experimental group had statistically significant reductions in plantar pressure for all regions (P < 0.001) at 6-months while the control group increased previously established pressures in the forefoot. For example, hallux pressures decreased from 243.13 ± 75 to 185.50 ± 58 gr/cm² (left foot) and 259.80 ± 87 to 189.44 ± 69 gr/cm² (right foot) while the control group increased considerably for all PAL measures.

Conclusions: The novel HV sock reduced pathological loading patterns in the forefoot and re-distributed plantar pressure; representing a new conservative intervention for patients with mild to moderate HV. Large scale, long-term studies need to be completed, to determine the practical effectiveness.