Playing for unity : football, community and national identity in two Mediterranean nation-states

Abstract

This thesis explores the vital role of football in shaping community identities and national belonging, with a particular focus on Malta and Italy as key case studies within the Mediterranean context. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, it integrates community theory, particularly Benedict Anderson’s concept of imagined communities, to examine how football functions as a cultural force that goes beyond spatial limits and fosters emotional bonds across different groups of people. The study reveals that football is more than just a sport; it is a powerful catalyst for national identity formation and community cohesion. It addresses fundamental questions about how football contributes to the creation of communities, the significance of symbols in strengthening fan identity, and the historical allegiances that have shaped Maltese supporters’ affinities with England and Italy. Additionally, it explores how local rivalries and regional identities in football reflect broader societal divisions. Methodologically, the dissertation adopts a case study approach supplemented by desk research, drawing on existing literature, academic articles, and qualitative data from various sources. This investigation highlights the intricate relationship between football, culture, history, and politics, emphasizing its crucial role in the nation-building processes of Malta and Italy. More broadly, the findings offer valuable insights into how football shapes community dynamics in an increasingly globalized world.