Exploring occupational therapy group sessions in long-term residential care : a qualitative study

Abstract

Background: As the global aging population increases, the demand for quality care continues to grow. In long-term care settings, Occupational therapy plays a key role in promoting residents’ health, well-being, and independence through both individual and group interventions. Occupational therapy groups, offer structured opportunities for social interaction and therapeutic engagement. At Saint Vincent de Paul Residence, occupational therapists deliver these groups as part of a holistic approach to enhance residents' quality of life. Aims: The aim of this research is to study and focus on the qualitative aspects, by seeking to explore the experiences, and feelings of the residents in long-term care participating in occupational therapy groups. Also, to explore the body of knowledge of OT in geriatrics and gerontology, focusing on evidence-based practices for improving the well-being of residents. Method: Using a qualitative design, purposive sampling was employed to recruit eight residents, two occupational therapists and two allied assistants from a long-term care facility in Malta that met the inclusion criteria. Data was collected through one focus group with occupational therapists and allied assistants, and semi-structured interviews with residents. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes emerging from the data. Results: The study identified four themes from the focus group and three themes from the interviews all with their respective sub-themes. The findings from the focus group highlighted the importance of thorough assessment to address individual needs, as well as preparation and collaboration. The facility and challenges in group can be barriers that can hinder group delivery. Personalisation of activities and consideration of cultural and environmental factors promote meaningful engagement. The group effected the residents’ emotional wellbeing, their participation and enjoyment and building trust and connection. From the residents’ experience, the sessions offered therapeutic and emotional benefits, reduced loneliness, friendships. The value of tailored activities, routine, active engagement and support from OT staff were also underscored as central to enhancing enjoyment and participation within the group setting. Discussion: The study highlights the importance of occupational therapy groups in long-term care. The findings aligned with existing international literature. However, also highlighted important local considerations, such as resource limitations, environmental challenges, and the central role of collaboration in session planning and delivery. These insights reinforce the value of OT groups in enhancing residents’ wellbeing and participation. Recommendations for future research, Implications for OTs, and strengths and limitations were also provided.