Navigating potential motherhood and workplace dynamics : an analysis of workplace struggles faced by women dealing with fertility problems, including infertility and pregnancy loss

Abstract

Infertility and pregnancy loss are increasingly recognised as significant reproductive health issues; however, their impact on women's professional lives remains underexplored, particularly in the Maltese context. With growing attention on workplace wellbeing and inclusion, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of women in Malta who are navigating fertility struggles while remaining in employment. To achieve this objective, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with women from a range of employment sectors, and the data was analysed using Thematic Analysis The study was underpinned by a constructionist approach and findings were analysed through the lenses of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, Goffman’s Theory and Kübler-Ross’s grief model. The findings revealed that women faced multiple emotional and structural challenges in the workplace, including lack of trust, limited self-disclosure, rigid policies, and stigma related to fertility. While some participants reported supportive colleagues and empathetic managers, others experienced pressure, exclusion, and emotional fatigue particularly when workplace culture demanded emotional restraint or failed to acknowledge reproductive struggles as legitimate health concerns. Emotion work emerged as a central theme, with participants often suppressing their feelings to maintain professional composure. The study concludes that current workplace structures and policies in Malta do not adequately support employees dealing with fertility issues and pregnancy loss. Participants expressed the need for clearer guidelines, formal bereavement and treatment-related leave, as well increased awareness across organisational levels. These findings contribute to calls for more inclusive and compassionate reproductive health policies in employment settings.