Analysing the impacts of work-related stress among Police officers within the Malta Police Force who are tasked with investigating child sexual abuse cases

Abstract

This study set out to explore the impacts of work-related stress (WRS) on police officers within the Malta Police Force who are tasked with investigating child sexual abuse (CSA) cases. While significant attention is often placed on victims of abuse, there remains limited research on the emotional and psychological toll these investigations have on the officers conducting them, particularly within the Maltese context. This research aimed to fill that gap by examining not only the effects of WRS, but also the existing support systems and potential improvements based on officers' lived experiences. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with eight officers from the Vice Squad, including all four lead Inspectors and Sergeants. Data was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2022) Thematic Analysis method, identifying key themes related to emotional impact, organisational challenges, coping mechanisms, and perceptions of support. Findings reveal that CSA investigations place a considerable emotional burden on investigators, with symptoms linked to secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and moral distress. Organisational stressors such as understaffing, procedural delays, and gaps in specialised training and psychological support were also highlighted. While officers demonstrated strong informal coping mechanisms, many expressed a desire for more structured, department-led interventions. Although participants voiced several concerns, this study also recognises positive institutional developments, including the recent introduction of a Wellbeing Policy and Employee Support Programme (ESP) by the Malta Police Force. Furthermore, the organisation’s decision to grant access for this research, despite the sensitive nature of the topic, demonstrates a noteworthy level of transparency and institutional willingness to engage with officer wellbeing. The study recommends building on these foundations through formalised psychological support, trauma-informed training, and clearer operational procedures to strengthen both investigator welfare and investigative effectiveness.