The feasibility of precast concrete structural systems in the local construction industry

Abstract

Malta has experienced a significant increase in construction activity in recent years, driven by its economic development. This growth has placed increasing pressure on the local construction industry to enhance project efficiency, control costs, improve quality, and adopt more sustainable practices. At the same time, the industry faces challenges such as a limited skilled labour force, high levels of on-site activity, and strict project timelines. In response to these issues, precast concrete has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional construction methods. This research investigates the feasibility of precast concrete structural systems within the Maltese context by examining the key factors influencing their adoption, highlighting both the potential benefits and the challenges associated with their implementation. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with architects/structural engineers, and suppliers, as well as structured questionnaires distributed to a wider group of industry professionals, including architects/structural engineers, project managers, cost consultants, and quantity surveyors. In addition, selected case studies were reviewed to support the analysis of time and cost implications across projects of varying scale and structural systems. Quantitative data were assessed using percentage distributions, while qualitative data were thematically analysed using NVIVO Software to identify key themes, subthemes, and relationships. Findings suggest that precast concrete is most suitable for medium to large scale commercial and industrial developments, where repetitive design allows for mould reuse, increased efficiency, and faster construction. Smaller or residential projects face limitations due to lower standardisation and logistical constraints. Architectural typology, particularly in terms of scale, project type and aesthetics, strongly influences system selection. The success of precast depends on early design finalisation and planning, as it offers limited flexibility for late changes. Structural design remains a challenge, especially in connection detailing, due to limited local expertise. While initial costs are relatively high, long-term advantages include reduced on-site labour, shorter timelines, and consistent quality through factory-controlled production. However, certification and quality assurance vary across suppliers. Logistics and supply chain coordination are critical, requiring early planning and alignment between design, manufacturing, and site operations. Sustainability is generally perceived positively, with benefits in material efficiency and reduced site impact, although there are concerns about similar embodied carbon when compared to traditional methods. Its broader feasibility, when considered alongside cast in situ and steel systems, depends on factors such as project scale, site constraints, construction timeframes, cost considerations, and the local industry's capacity to adopt more industrialised construction methods.