Stakeholder engagement and democratic governance : a selected review of planning authority ODZ and UCA decisions

Abstract

This study assesses the stakeholder engagement mechanisms within the Planning Authority, how these are being used, and what consideration is being given to stakeholder representations or objections when development permits are under decision. Analysing the participatory processes for stakeholder participation as well as the dynamics of permit decisions is crucial to uncover this institution’s democratic qualities. The methodology employed is grounded in elements of democratic theory, and which provided the conceptual lens to analyse six case studies falling within Outside Development Zone (ODZ) and Urban Conservation Areas (UCA). The case studies included the analysis of online representations or objections, case officer reports, and minutes from board/commission and appeal sittings. The findings from this research demonstrate that although the Planning Authority provides mechanisms for stakeholders to voice their concerns, it falls short of providing meaningful participation and discussion, which are crucial to democratic governance. This points to a democratic deficit in both stakeholder engagement and decision-making procedures, resulting in an authority which is coming short of fulfilling its obligation towards stakeholders when deciding on a development permit. This study therefore recommends a reform in board compositions, more voting power to stakeholders and consultees, and more meaningful discussions for a genuinely democratic process regarding land usage in Malta.