Investigating the awareness of radiographers, together with the needs of patients, on risk-benefit communication in nuclear medicine and PET/CT

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to assess radiographers’ awareness of risk-benefit communication and to explore the needs of patients undergoing Nuclear Medicine (NM) and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) examinations, specifically cardiac stress scans and routine 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Methodology: A quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional, non-experimental research design was adopted. Data was collected through two anonymous questionnaires, one for the staff working in NM and PET/CT, and the other for the patients. The tools incorporated mostly closed-ended questions, with an open-ended element, to acquire more in-depth knowledge. Four objectives were set to reach the required aim. The radiographers’ questionnaire included questions on demographics, knowledge of radiation risks, communication practices, and awareness regarding risk benefit discussion. The patients’ questionnaire covered patient demographics, understanding of radiation risks, information provided and their needs. Results: Discrepancies emerged between what radiographers believed they communicated to the patients and what information the patients indicated as being needed. All participant radiographers (n=9) expressed interest in additional training on patient radiation risk-benefit communication. 55% of radiographers also indicated that additional training would aid them in performing risk-benefit communication. 35% (n=57) also stated that they received limited information on their own radiation exposure, and 33% would have liked more information about possible radiation exposure to relatives and the general public. Conclusion: The study revealed a need to enhance communication strategies in NM and PET/CT within the local scenario. Although radiographers consistently reported providing risk-benefit information, inconsistencies in the type of information given were found. Even though 96.5% of patients found the language clear, only 10.5% fully understood that the benefits outweighed the risks. Implications for practice: The findings support implementing standardised communication protocols and continuous professional development focused on patient-centred care. Participating radiographers all agreed on the need for further training in risk/benefit communication, in NM and PET/CT.