Shared micro-mobility services : a sustainability assessment of their use in Malta

Abstract

Shared micro-mobility services in Malta, such as bicycles, e-bikes and e-scooters, were analysed in this dissertation. Literature shows that shared micro-modes of transport pose several benefits, such as reduced traffic congestion and the promotion of an active alternative mode of commuting, posing cost-effective, health and social benefits. They are ideal for last mile trips and work extremely well when properly integrated with the transport system, particularly the road infrastructure and public transport systems. Shared micro-mobility services reduce the energy demand and have the potential of reducing carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on local roads. Although in 2016 shared micro-mobility services were introduced in Malta, these abruptly halted their services. Thus, the aim of this thesis was formulated as follows: To perform a sustainability assessment on shared micro-mobility services in Malta, to understand their sustainability advantage, the reasons why they stopped operating, and to make recommendations for their inclusion in sustainable transport locally. The methodology to gather data was semi-structured interviews with 18 key stakeholders of transport in Malta. A simplified sustainability assessment and policy review were also conducted. Results show that the majority of participants perceived them as sustainable and that there needs to be a competitive advantage over other modes of transport (particularly the private car), the provision of safe infrastructure and better enforcement. Participants also claimed that the main reasons why they left was due to abuse, chaos, no discipline (especially amongst e-scooter users), vandalism and lack of safety towards pedestrians and other road users; with 40% of the respondents agreeing with these services halting operations. The Maltese government is looking towards the future, providing incentives for the use of personalised e-bikes and e-scooters. However, sharing services are still not being pushed to reintroduce them. Although private micro-vehicles may reduce the abuse, irregularities and dangers to self or pedestrians, they do not eliminate them. Shared services still have the potential to provide a cheap, flexible and convenient alternative to commuting, and its potential (considering Malta’s size) should not be ignored. Key concluding recommendations include the need for pilot projects, an enhanced regulatory framework and enforcement, more awareness and acceptance, improved public transport (bus/ferry) and integration, and the provision of safe infrastructure.