Coordinated control of an electric-hydrogen based DC microgrid for green transportation

Abstract

The global push towards carbon neutrality has amplified interest in integrating renewable energy systems with sustainable transportation. This paper presents the design, modelling, and coordinated control of a DC microgrid that uses an electro-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system to facilitate green transportation within an industrial facility. The proposed system integrates photovoltaic (PV) generation, a battery energy storage system (BESS), a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser, and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. A centralized supervisory controller coordinates power flow to maximize onsite energy self-consumption and eliminate grid power injection. The microgrid performance is tested using realworld solar irradiance and load data from an actual manufacturing facility, enabling a realistic validation of its control behaviour. Simulation results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in managing energy resources, maintaining voltage stability, and enabling green hydrogen production for transportation applications under realistic operating scenarios.