Exploring occupational performance patterns of parents of young persons with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects children’s behaviour, attention and executive functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2022; Barkley, 2014). Parents often need to adapt their caregiving strategies to support their child’s participation in home and community activities. Aims: This study aimed to explore parents’ experiences of managing daily routines for children with ADHD. It also sought to examine the challenges parents face in maintaining family schedules, the impact of ADHD on family roles and relationships, and the strategies used to support their children’s engagement and independence. Method: A qualitative research design was adopted. Six parents of children diagnosed with ADHD were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, which focused on experiences, challenges and coping strategies in managing daily routines. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis. Results: Three main themes emerged: ‘Challenges in Maintaining Routines’, ‘Impact of ADHD on Family Roles’, and ‘Coping Strategies and Structure’. Within these themes, parents described difficulties in sustaining consistent daily routines across mornings, homework, evenings and weekends. ADHD was also associated with changes in family roles and responsibilities, as well as disruptions to sibling interactions and wider family life. Furthermore, parents described a range of coping strategies aimed at supporting children’s regulation, participation and engagement in daily occupations. Discussion: Findings demonstrate how ADHD disrupts family routines, requiring ongoing parental involvement and adaptation to support children’s occupational engagement. Individualised and flexible approaches, informed by family routines and child preferences, were central to maintaining participation and family wellbeing. These results reinforce the importance of family-centred and child-centred occupational therapy interventions that provide guidance on routines, coping strategies and environmental adaptations. Continued support may be beneficial for families experiencing persistent challenges.