Intimate femicide : risk factors for femicide in intimate partner violence

Abstract

This study aims to explore the risk factors that drive a man to kill his female intimate partner (whether former or current), specifically known as ‘Intimate Femicide’ and focuses on the gender-based nature of the crime. The various signs that could predict potential aggression (which could be lethal) will be listed and compared with those mentioned in foreign literature. Women victims of intimate partner violence need to be able to recognise these red flags and seek help before it is too late. According to Leone-Ganado (2015) women are more at risk of being brutally victimized by their intimate partner and in their own homes, than by strangers. In the last five years alone, domestic homicides accounted for 25% of all murders committed on the Maltese Island (Leone-Ganado, 2015). This type of homicide is the ultimate violent act committed by a male perpetrator, whereby intimate partner violence (domestic violence) culminates into intimate femicide. In view of the gender-based killings, this study will explore the power imbalance between couples in a heterosexual relationship and issues related to gender inequality in society. Interviews were conducted with various professionals working in the Maltese islands who discussed the risk factor/s that could trigger a man to kill his female intimate partner (or ex-partner/spouse). Their views and experiences were subsequently compared and contrasted with several foreign studies. This research indicates that: controlling behaviour, jealousy, estrangement and the end of a relationship are the most common risk factors that lead to intimate femicide. It is imperative that the Courts recognize the interrelationship between domestic violence and intimate partner femicide (Buckingham, 2006, p.379). Almost all participants in this research study agreed that courtroom attitudes towards domestic violence are greatly inconsistent with the national prevention policy. Therefore, training programmes and professional support for criminal justice personnel, lawyers and the judiciary should be provided (Buckingham, 2006, p.441). A list of measures and recommendations are being presented and although some measures are already in place, they need to be constantly enforced and updated to reflect the current situation. This dissertation could serve as a catalyst for further study of this phenomenon and consequently, greater awareness that could, in turn, result in the saving of precious lives.