Pontifical insignia : part 3

Abstract

In the first two sections of this study we have discussed the various vestments used during a liturgical celebration by bishops and by other ecclesiastics who have been granted the privilege of using pontifical vestments; we have now to discuss pontifical insignia proper. There is no complete agreement in enumerating pontifical insignia, but for our purpose it is enough to consider those listed as such in a recent study on pontifical rights and privileges: According to this list the more important pontifical insignia are the pectoral cross, the ring and the crosier; to these we must add the archiepiscopal cross, the seventh candle on the altar, the liber canonis and the bugia, the silver ewer and basin, and the formale.