The measurement of breast-feeding indicators in the Maltese population

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence of breastfeeding in the Maltese population. Methodology: The study made use of mixed telephone survey and online methodology to obtain responses from 385 mothers on their breastfeeding practices. Apart from demographic data, information on breastfeeding was collected using The Infant and Young Child Feeding modules suggested by WHO. Results: A response rate of 99% was obtained. Maltese mothers start off their breastfeeding journey with a rate of breastfeeding initiation within the first hour of birth of 64.4%, which then dwindled to 9.6% of women exclusively breastfeeding at under 6 months of age, and 16.8% of women continuing to breastfeed at 12 months of age. Variables found to be statistically significantly associated with breastfeeding initiation and duration included mode of delivery, marital status, paternal employment and maternal education. Maternal age, baby's gender and maternal employment were not found to be associated. Logistic regression models applied confirmed that maternal education, particularly a tertiary level education was the strongest statistically significant variable associated with breastfeeding at all the three time points assessed. These findings resonate well with findings from studies abroad. Conclusions: Recommendations were drawn up for a long-term method to regularly capture breastfeeding values in order to monitor the National Breastfeeding Policy. This study provided insight into breastfeeding practices in Malta, and provided suggestions for targeted educational campaigns and support to those women necessitating it most.