Ancient economic and social concepts in the Genoese Gasaria Region

Abstract

The main theme of the article is the consideration of issues related to the presence of the Genoese Republic in the Northern Black Sea region in the 13th - 15th centuries. In the region, a whole system of towns and settlements was established by the Genoese, which was transformed into a separate state entity. The boundaries of this state entity covered the territory from the delta of the Danube in the west to the Caucasus coast in the east, as well as the entire coast of the Crimean Peninsula. For the state entity, built by the Genoese in the region of the Northern Black Sea Coast, the name Genoese Gazaria is proposed. Therefore, all the material evidence of the Genoese presence on the territory of the previously owned state of Golden Horde and, especially, of trade settlements in the Northern Black Sea region in the 13th and 15th centuries fall under this definition. The main difference between the Genoese Gazaria and Genoese Romania is the issue of the initial ownership of the land in the places of settlement of trading factories (settlements). In the case of Genoese Romania, these lands belonged to Byzantium and were granted to the Genoese by Byzantine emperors. The Genoese Gazaria emerged under similar circumstances, but on the lands of the Mongolian empire, these lands were given to them by khans of the Golden Horde.