Normal variants of the lower limbs in children

Abstract

Normal lower limb variants in children are a frequent cause of referral to orthopaedic specialists and often a cause of parental concern. Physiological variants of growth may improve or resolve spontaneously and thus, do not need any surgical intervention. A thorough history and examination, as well as an understanding of the natural progression of angular and rotational variants will assist general practitioners to reassure parents and to identify any pathological conditions which require specialist management.