Factors influencing extent of meat consumption among inhabitants of two Maltese districts : a comparative study

Abstract

Malta and Gozo, two small islands making part of the Maltese archipelago, are so near yet so distinct. As the two islands possess differing geographical features, two districts were selected – the predominantly urban Northern Harbour District in Malta and the fertile rural district of Gozo – the main aim being to determine whether there is a correlation between the inhabitants’ geographical location and the extent of meat consumption. In fact, global patterns of meat consumption differ between and within countries. In view of this, the role played by the geographical location together with other motivating factors affecting meat consumption were explored, so too the level of awareness related to the environmental impact of meat production. Awareness on how our dietary choices impact our health and the environment is vital and the key vehicle required for citizens to be informed is Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). A dual-method grounded approach – quantitative and qualitative – was adopted as when used in combination they complement each other and allow for a more complete in-depth analysis. Data was collected through a structured telephone survey involving 387 inhabitants in each of the two districts, with the data then analyzed through the SPSS software, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. In order to acquire more detailed information focus groups were conducted – two for each district – with the data collected being mainly analysed through thematic analysis. Based on the results emerging from both the survey and transcribed focus group texts, this study reveals that the absolute majority of participants in both districts are meat eaters although their meat consumption patterns differ. Gozitans are still more inclined to adhere to the traditional way of life, conforming to religious practices and including a variety of nonmeat local produce in their menus. While taste and health are the two most determining factors for consuming meat, chicken is the preferred meat of both districts. The absolute majority are unaware of the negative environmental impact of meat production and consumption, although Gozitans are more knowledgeable about current farming systems. This study therefore reveals that geographical location does have an influential role in the dietary patterns of its inhabitants. In response to these findings, recommendations are made regarding the further incorporation of ESD while taking into consideration the differences which exist among the Maltese districts.