An exploratory study of Malta’s exotic pet market : trends, issues, and knowledge gaps

Abstract

Today, the demand for exotic pets, namely reptiles, amphibians, and birds, has increased so dramatically that their global trade (both wild and captive-bred) has transformed into a multi-billion-euro market. Along with this immense volume of trade, a range of associated risks that threaten animal welfare, human health, and ecosystem balance exist. Presently, the exotic pet market within Malta remains unexplored, allowing for considerable gaps in knowledge related to its dynamics, trends, issues, management, and regulatory priorities. This study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and present a detailed assessment of this market. This was achieved through the employment of a mixed-methods approach consisting of in-depth interviews with exotic pet experts, experiential research in pet shops, data mining on social media, and an online survey targeting exotic pet owners. Analysis of findings demonstrates that Malta’s exotic pet market faces several key issues which necessitate addressing. Firstly, the welfare of exotic animals is threatened by the inadequate management, regulation, and (lack of) enforcement associated with Malta’s pet shops, local private sellers, and facilities for seized exotic animals at Border Inspection Posts. Next, this study highlights the need for the development of a terrestrial vertebrate risk analysis model to reduce the likelihood of possible biological invasions taking place throughout Malta’s natural environment through its exotic pet market. Lastly, efforts to increase awareness and knowledge amongst the Maltese public regarding both best practices and risks associated with exotic pets should be prioritised.