Factors that influence pregnant mothers on the choice of infant-feeding

Abstract

Human milk is species-specific and has evolved throughout the millennia to facilitate the normal growth and development of human infants. The aim of this quantitative study was to explore the factors that influence pregnant mothers on the choice of infant-feeding. Its objectives were to gain insight on pregnant mothers' knowledge on infant-feeding, to identify attitudes of infant-feeding among pregnant women and to identify infant feeding misconceptions. Quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to a convenience sample group of 42 pregnant mothers, who had to be over 18 years old, Maltese and having a singleton pregnancy. Response rate for the study was 93%. The data was analysed manually using statistical analysis and content analysis. Findings showed that mothers decided early in their pregnancy which infant feeding method they were going to adopt. Women who intended to breastfeed were more likely to be over 25 years, primigravida, had a higher level of education and were not intending to go back to work after maternity leave. Mothers who intended to formula feed considered formula milks to be equivalent to breastmilk. Both sets of mothers considered their chosen choice of feeding to be the more convenient alternative in relation to time, preparation, utility and social commitments. The father's involvement and participation was identified as important. Breastfeeding was seen to increase mother-infant bonding while breastfeeding in public was not an issue. These results cannot be generalised and applied to the whole population since convenience sampling and a small sample was used. However, in view of the results, several recommendations were put forward. These include introducing trends in infant feeding in schools, educating the general public, using the media to sensitise people to breastfeeding issues. All mothers should have the possibility of discussing infant feeding with a health professional, to enable them to make informed choice. Fathers should be included during Parentcraft Classes. Infant feeding support groups in the community are to be encouraged. Employed women need baby-friendly facilities at their place of work.