Small states ‘thinking big’ in a multiplex world : Estonia’s foreign policy

Abstract

The changing world order is ushering in a competition of new ideas and norms. This has already ushered a new era of great power politics, which will present challenges for small states. Small European countries in particular are dependent on open rules-based trade regimes, and institutions like the EU and NATO. To adapt to these developments, small states should increase their activity and flexibility of their foreign policies. This article uses Amitav Acharya’s concept of a multiplex world order to understand the changes influencing small states. Estonian foreign and defence policies will be studied in depth to highlight the challenges and opportunities available to small states in Europe. The article concludes that a paradox is developing for small states: as nationalism rises and global institutions falter, small states will need to be global in foreign and defence strategies. While small states face resource limitations, there are certain smart strategies that can adapt more successfully to the new world order.