An exploratory study of dietary intake and physical activity among hypertensive patients

Abstract

The objective of this descriptive study was to investigate the food intake and physical activity by persons living with hypertension. More specifically, the study focused on consumption of fruit and vegetable and milk and milk products by persons suffering from high blood pressure as well as the addition of salt to meals and the physical activity undertaken by persons living with hypertension. The study took the form of a descriptive quantitative study where 40 participants were selected on the basis that they attend regular consultations at the specialised consultation clinics in health centres. Response rate at 55% was satisfactory and the results revealed that whilst participants are conscious what their diet should be, there seem to be lack of awareness on the specialised diets for hypertensive patients, such as the DASH diet guidelines. Results show that in most instances, dietary portions fell short of the DASH recommended guidelines. People are also aware that they should avoid adding salt to meals but they do not always follow this requirement with a good number failing to follow the DASH-Sodium study. Participants who failed to carry out any physical activity were minimal. DASH-Premier guidelines were met albeit activity was limited mostly to low intensity exercise. Health care practitioners have an important role to play primarily in educating hypertension sufferers on the benefits of a healthy diet and exercise. Nurses should aim to learn more about diets recommended for hypertension patients such as DASH and should ensure that they keep abreast of developments in this field. This knowledge should assist them in advising and guiding hypertensive patients on eating habits that may yield positive results in reducing hypertension.