Carmenu Mangion : a pioneer of modern art in Malta

Abstract

This long essay is an attempt to assess Carmenu Mangion's (1905-1997) artistic production and the evolution of his style within the art historical context of the period, both in Malta and abroad. The critical analysis aims to trace in his works the influences gathered when the artist was studying abroad, as well as how in turn these are reflected in his mature works. In this study Mangion is compared to other Maltese artists who underwent similar training experiences in the same period so as to establish points of similarity or difference. This is to determine why and to what extent his art can be considered original, progressive and/or avant-garde for the local context. The main aim remains to conclude whether or not Mangion was a pioneer of modern art in Malta, and if so, in what ways. Only those personal events that have any particular importance will be elaborated upon in their appropriate context. Mangion hardly ever dated his paintings and often reworked earlier works, which makes it all the more difficult to establish an absolutely accurate chronology. Those that are dated help to tentatively place other works with stylistic or particular similarities in a period. This study therefore aims to construct a valid chronological frame-work, which has not been attempted previously. His teaching career is assessed to show how it effected him, what he produced during this period, his teaching methods and his influences on students. Of interest in relation to his works are also the literature he preferred to read and the music he listened to. His discussions with his students and others give insights on the styles, movements and artists that he preferred and his philosophy. The critical analysis shows to what extent these are reflected in his paintings. Another point of discussion is his participation in exhibitions and the criticism he received when he showed his work. Mangion cannot be dealt with in a vacuum. The art historical scene, as well as the historic and cultural scenes are relevant in a discussion about him. This background information will contribute to identify influences on Mangion (both foreign and local) and by Mangion (in the local modern and contemporary art scene). It will also provide a context by which to establish how much the events of his times, such as the two world wars, the rise of technological progress affected him, or left some imprint on his paintings. The main artistic and political events taken into consideration will be those which occurred in the places he went to during the years of his visits, especially those during his formative years. The historical and cultural background which follows aims to create a context to his life to be able to better assess his development as an artist of his style.