The effect of omega-3 supplements on ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents

Abstract

Overview of the topic: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is one of the most well-known chronic behavioral disorders among school-aged children. More studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids could help children and adolescents alleviate symptoms of ADHD and improve the attention span. These supplements are frequently addressed as an alternative therapy due to their anti-inflammatory effects, as inflammation has been connected to ADHD. The research question : Does omega-3 supplementation as an alternative therapy reduce symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD? PICO elements : Population (P) : Children and adolescents Intervention (I) : Omega-3 supplements Comparison (C) : Traditional medication Outcome (O) : Reduced ADHD symptoms The inclusion and exclusion criteria applied : Key terms for each PICO element were generated and search tools were applied. Combined terms were searched in several databases. The PRISMA 2009 checklist determined eligibility by employing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ages had to be between two and twenty-one with a diagnosis of ADHD, excluding comorbidities. Anyone on medication or other supplements was also excluded. The population group was compared to placebo. Only articles published in the past ten years and peer reviewed were included for validity and new insights. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) of systematic review and randomised controlled trial were used to critically appraise the five key studies. The main results and conclusions from the evidence : Despite the inconsistencies among results, a number of studies still exhibited significant associations of using omega-3 supplements. It was therefore finalised that research results should be interpreted cautiously. The implications and most important recommendations for research, practice, education and management : More research to identify who can benefit from the intervention and awareness of the effect the supplements, can aid in deciding on an alternative treatment. Interventions on the brain take time to show any effect so studies should follow participants long-term for more accurate results. The application of EBP can be done by disseminating practice guidelines with healthcare workers.