Current legislative infrastructure relating to maritime technical advancements : an analysis of legal and market considerations

Abstract

This dissertation seeks to compare the current legislative framework with maritime technical advancements. It analyses both legal and market considerations, locally and internationally, in relation to autonomous vessels, decarbonising the shipping industry, and smart ports. The potential use of blockchain in shipping is also factored in. While autonomous vessels are said to be a major technical advancement in the shipping industry, various statutes need to be updated in order to cater for such vessels. Nevertheless, due to the different types of automation which exist, current legislation may cater for certain autonomous vessels. When there is a collision between autonomous vessels, the question of who is liable can be controversial. Moreover, technical advancements have emerged in order to decarbonise the shipping industry through the use of renewable energy, liquified natural gas, and hybrid or electrical vessels. This dissertation focuses on the current legislation and the requirements it imposes on the maritime industry to combat climate change, through the use of these technical advancements. Furthermore, the conversion of current ports to smart ports while keeping the traditional aspect of a port, is explored. Smart ports make use of advanced technology such as blockchain, Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in order to be more effective than current ports. However, due to the large amounts of data, the issue of cybersecurity must also be explored. Whether or not legislation exists, providing a framework for the use of smart ports is also studied. Blockchain is analysed in relation to shipping and whether it is regulated or not. Since it is a relatively new concept, it is not very common but a number of shipping companies are already making use of it.