The EU's approach on secession : the case of Catalonia

Abstract

The approach of the European Union towards secession is not always understood, as echoed by the 2017 events in Catalonia. This study aims to further understand Brussels’ approach in cases of secession by using Catalonia as a case study. By analysing the case of Catalonia, this research aims to explain the causes and consequences of secession in the European Union, with the objective of explaining and evaluating the role of the European Union in cases of secession. In this context, secession is defined as a region formally withdrawing from the broader nation-state. This dissertation explores the various aspects involved in the European Union approach towards secession. The legal and economic aspects are touched upon; however, the political theme is recurrent throughout. The research involves an evaluation of the available literature relevant to this study. The case study approach is suitable to apply the theories of secession and the gaps identified in the literature to the case of Catalonia. In addition, by utilising qualitative data both as secondary and primary data together with secondary quantitative data, the approach undertaken by Brussels can be analysed in depth. The approach of the European Union towards Catalan secessionist demands reflects the unique nature of this entity. Within the intergovernmental structure of the Union and the legal requirements of its treaties, secession falls under the remit of member states. However, the clash of values that ensued in Catalonia in 2017, the image of the European Union was at stake. The communication of the European Council position could have been communicated better. Therefore, this issue reflects a communications issue on behalf of Brussels. Public awareness about the legal order and the capacity of the European Union in cases of secession is an essential way forward.