The cultivation of peaches and nectarines in the Maltese islands

Abstract

Peaches and nectarines are amongst the most delicious and demanded fruits in Malta in the summer season. It is not clear when they were introduced but their cultivation was very popular in the past. Along the years the production was reduced due to various factors but recently the number of orchards is again on the increase. The cultivation methods have changed over the years, with a drastic change in the last century, mainly due to technological improvements. Peaches were grown without irrigation, artificial fertilisers and pesticides, but nowadays their availability has= increased both quality and quantity of production. The cultivation methods are sub-divided between commercial, which are practised in specific areas, and domestic, which are practised in gardens all over the Islands. The modem systems of cultivation of stone fruits became intensive. Farmers began to utilise underground water and use modem irrigation systems. The tillage and spraying operations are carried out more frequently. New peach and rootstock varieties were introduced to improve the production, but several pests were imported accidentally. Maltese farmers have diversified their production several times, to find better income earning markets. The market had evolved and was liberalised. Since Malta joined the European Union, farmers are facing foreign competition. Currently, the production is excellent but certain limitations restrict the farmers from further expansion. The sector needs further incentives to improve the local market of the peaches, and the consumers will be aware and consume more fruits for their diet from an early age.