Tiny fish, big discoveries at UM

The University of Malta offers a fertile ground for innovation and discovery in many areas, including biomedical research.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become prominent model organisms in this field, with about 70% of human genes having a counterpart in zebrafish, rising to around 82% for genes linked to human diseases.

Their organ development follows patterns similar to humans, making them an excellent system for studying disease and testing new therapies. Unique biological features further enhance their utility: zebrafish embryos develop externally and are transparent in early stages, enabling scientists to observe organ development, edit genes, and test compounds with ease.

Their small size, high fertility, rapid development, and even their ability to regenerate heart muscle within weeks make them ideal for large-scale and innovative research.

At the University of Malta, zebrafish are being harnessed to study both rare and common human diseases, including osteoporosis — a condition that weakens bones and affects millions worldwide.

A team led by Prof. Melissa Formosa (Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences) is investigating the genetic factors underlying osteoporosis, with the aim of developing effective therapies tailored to an individual’s genetic make-up and identifying disease risks in vulnerable populations. Beyond translating human diseases, zebrafish at UM are also being used for drug discovery, toxicity testing, and environmental research, paving the way for future breakthroughs across disciplines. The work is supported by several local and international research grants, and postgraduate student scholarships.

On 3 September 2025, UM Rector Prof. Alfred J. Vella visited the Biomedical Sciences Building at the Msida Campus to see this facility first-hand and to learn more about the work being carried out in this exciting area of research.

With the state-of-the-art facilities and a growing community of researchers, the UM is well-positioned to harness the full potential of zebrafish, creating opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and impact.