Scientific research methods

Abstract

The design and process employed in scientific research is influenced by various factors, including whether the study is based on inductive or deductive reasoning and whether it makes use of qualitative or quantitative techniques. In general, while deductive reasoning adopts quantitative methods to test existing theories, inductive reasoning generates new theory through the use of qualitative techniques. Though deductive and inductive processes are often considered as diametrically opposed, scientific research entails the application of both processes to build new theories and test existing ones. Moreover, through a combination of research methods, triangulation ensures a more comprehensive analysis of the issue under investigation while it enhances the credibility of the research through increased reliability and validity.