An exploration of the experiences of social workers who work with pregnant women abusing illicit drugs

Abstract

Maternal substance abuse could result in various health and social concerns for the mother and the child. The subject of substance abuse during pregnancy is a significant concern in social work, both in Child Protection Services and Drug Addiction Services. This qualitative study aims to find out more about the experiences and needs of pregnant women who engage in prenatal substance abuse in Malta; by accessing the experiences of social workers who work with them. During pregnancy, women engaging in drug abuse often struggle with other social issues, including mental health issues, financial difficulties, past child abuse and adult trauma, intimate partner violence, and prostitution. Meanwhile, women abusing drugs also suffer from stigmatisation, causing feelings of shame that prevent them from seeking support and lessening their collaboration with Child Protection and DrugRelated Services. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted, three with social workers from CPS and the other three with social workers from DRS. All the participants have experience working with women abusing illicit drugs during pregnancy. The findings depict the major struggles this client group faces, most prominently ceasing the use of illegal drugs when they learn they are pregnant. The chaotic lifestyle that is usually present in substance abusing pregnant women was also highlighted, and how this, among other factors, contributes to the removal of the child from the mother’s care. The findings also point out the differing perceptions of CPS and DRS on each other’s roles and the issue of substance abuse during pregnancy. Finally, reference was made to the significant needs of pregnant women with substance abuse problems. The researcher recommended the development of a shelter specifically for this client group; in response to the social issue of homelessness that the client group faces drastically. Additionally, a residential drug rehabilitation program catering to the client group’s needs was also recommended in this study. This study highlighted that these women need to be treated with respect and compassion rather than stigmatised for their substance abuse problem.