Apologies : a necessary soft skill or something to avoid?

Abstract

An apology can be thought of as a sincere expression of regret and emotional support, but can at times be interpreted as an admission of guilt. While countries have different laws relating to the topic of apologies in medical practice, the duty for open disclosure is being increasingly stressed upon medical practitioners. This narrative review seeks to discuss the definition, structure, role, effectiveness, and laws governing apologies in medical practice. It also aims to discuss if and how a physician should apologise and the practicality of apology laws in disclosing information to patients. Research highlights that fewer lawsuits result when apologies are issued by medical practitioners. The two main types of laws governing medical apologies are the tort system and the no fault system. Political lobbying and media emotionalization of certain cases influence lawmakers’ decisions and so the implementation of these systems. While issuing an apology is effective, apology laws do not provide a definite positive impact in this regard. When a medic feels that an apology is warranted, they should discuss the full issue with a superior and peer, and take into consideration the local jurisprudence governing their profession. It can be displayed that successful training and teaching in the correct use and delivery of an apology increases the effectiveness of an apology when one is justified. This is many times lacking in undergraduate medical education.