The technique of piano touch : exploring how piano players adjust their touch on various types of pianos

Abstract

Since its invention by Bartolomeo Cristofori in the seventeenth century, the piano has developed into an innovative instrument with a variety of touch attributes and characteristics across all the styles of pianos. This thesis examines how pianists adjust their technique to fit different pianos, taking into account the mechanisms of grand, upright and digital pianos. Firstly, the intricate action mechanism of the grand piano will be studied. This mechanism provides pianists with the broadest dynamic range and control over tone production. Scientific experiments reveal variations in the timing of key events during a keystroke, affecting the pianist's ability to express themselves. However, the upright piano, despite sharing fundamental mechanisms with the grand piano, presents differences due to its vertical structure, resulting in a lighter touch and a more restricted dynamic range. I will look at advancements made in keyboard manufacturing, particularly in digital pianos, which aim to replicate the tactile feedback of acoustic instruments. Manufacturers prioritize touch sensitivity, with Yamaha's innovations in haptic feedback and emulation of grand piano actions exemplifying this trend. Finally, I will describe the various touch techniques, such as pressure touch and staccato touch that allow pianists to manipulate tone and velocity accordingly. However, the effectiveness of these techniques varies across piano types and brands, with superior instruments facilitating nuanced expression. In conclusion, the pianist’s ability to understand and master these different elements is crucial for achieving desired expression and emotion in a piano performance. The conclusion will also include general comments on what was achieved through this dissertation.