Examining social risk factors in Malta that contribute to juvenile delinquency from a professional perspective

Abstract

This dissertation examines the impact of social risk factors on juvenile delinquency within the Maltese context, shedding light on how family dynamics, economic hardship, and school performance contribute to shaping the behaviour of young individuals. By delving into aspects such as incarcerated parents, delinquent siblings, poverty, disadvantaged neighbourhoods, substandard housing, poor school performance and disengagement this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding juvenile delinquency. Additionally, the social learning theory is explored, shedding light on how young people adopt behaviours through observation and imitation of others, emphasizing the influence of social environments (Akers & Jennings, 2019). Employing a qualitative methodology, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with professionals working with juvenile delinquents. Thematic analysis of the interview data revealed five prominent themes, including three sub-themes, which were compared with existing research. In line with Farrington et al.'s (2006) findings, the study emphasized family influence, economic disadvantage, and school performance as primary risk factors, with family dynamics emerging as particularly significant. These factors often intersect, increasing the likelihood for delinquent behaviour. Furthermore, the findings indicate that besides the factors examined in the research, socio-cultural influences and the impact of youth justice interventions also exert influence in shaping susceptibility to delinquent behaviour. Lastly, recommendations for future research and strategies to address juvenile delinquency are provided, aiming to help steer at-risk youth away from delinquency and towards more positive life trajectories.