Oral health and related quality of life in post-bariatric surgery patients for Maltese residents

Abstract

Purpose: Obesity is presenting as a global epidemic. Bariatric surgery, an invasive intervention for weight loss, results in significant systemic health benefits. The impact of these surgeries on oral health and related quality of life is not yet well known. This dissertation analysed the possible negative effects of bariatric surgery on oral health and related quality of life. Bariatric surgery may have an effect on dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions, dental erosion, hypersensitivity and salivary flow. Research question: Does bariatric weight loss surgery such as gastric bypass or gastric sleeve negatively affect oral health and related quality of life in adults? Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was distributed on the researcher’s social media platform and a private Maltese residents’ social media bariatric surgery community, ‘Bariatric Sleeve And Bypass Surgery Malta Support Group’. Quantitative and qualitative questions assessed demographic characteristics, dietary habits, general health, dental habits, oral symptoms, oral health impact profile and general oral health assessment index. This cross-sectional study followed the non-probability, nonrandomized, convenience sampling technique including the snowball effect. It included participants over eighteen years of age at the time of surgery and those having had the bariatric surgery at least six months prior to filling in the questionnaire. The collection of this data was later statistically analysed. Overall findings and Conclusions: This research concluded in a statistical significance for an increased vomiting experience and a dry mouth feeling after undergoing bariatric surgery. The mean OHIP-14 and the mean GOHAI totals showed good oral health and related quality of life of the participants. However, a higher mean OHIP-14 score resulted in the 20-29-year-olds in all the three aspects of OHIP-14. The aspect of discomfort in the oral cavity of the GOHAI questionnaire showed statistical significance in both males and females. The participants reported good overall oral health and related quality of life. Recommendations and implications for practice: Any resultant oral health problems may be prevented if the patient presents with good oral health before the surgery and regularly attends for dental follow-ups after the surgery. The aim is to increase patient awareness regarding possible oral complications and recognise the importance of the bariatric surgeon’s dental referrals and the role of dental professionals.