The impact of animal-assisted interventions and PTSD : implications for counselling

Abstract

This research explored the therapeutic implications of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) with clients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) within the local Maltese context. PTSD refers to severe difficulties arising after experiencing or being threatened by traumatic events involving physical harm, death, or sexual violence to oneself or others. By focusing on the perspectives of professional participants who are trained/ qualified AAI practitioners, I hoped to inform counsellors about the practical implications of integrating animals into therapy. The results highlight several benefits, including therapeutic advantages of the animals' presence, such as fostering a non-judgmental environment, boosting self-confidence, and providing a sense of trust and safety. Participants reflected that these benefits contribute to a more effective therapeutic journey. However, challenges were noted, such as limited exposure to AAI, unethical practices by non-professionals, and difficulties in the local context. Participants emphasised that AAI might not be suitable for clients who struggle to connect with animals or fear them. The findings highlight the importance of a symbiotic relationship benefiting the therapy-animal, therapist, and client. Participants recommended that their experience could contribute to the limited local knowledge of AAI, highlighting its potential benefits and the need for ethical frameworks and extensive training. They recommend developing tailored intervention programs and policies in Malta, enhancing individuals' wellbeing and quality of life through innovative therapeutic approaches. They recommend raising awareness, fostering professional collaboration, specialised training and more stringent enforcement of appropriate practice.