The value of a ‘housing first’ approach for young adults transitioning out of the Maltese care system : a scoping literature review

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of the 'Housing First' approach in supporting care leavers’ transition to independent living. It examined the housing and support challenges faced by young adults leaving care in Malta and similar contexts, aiming to assess the potential benefits of implementing 'Housing First' values and services in addressing care leavers' vulnerabilities and challenges. A scoping review of literature published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted, focusing on the effectiveness of 'Housing First' initiatives with youth and young adults with a history of alternative care. The review explored the impact of supported housing on various outcomes, including housing stability, health, education, and employment. It also examined the role of supportive services and the interconnectedness of youth homelessness with other social issues. The findings suggest that while supported housing can positively impact health outcomes by addressing a critical stressor, it is not a standalone solution. Supportive services and addressing other needs, such as mental health and employment support, are equally important. Youth homelessness is often intertwined with complex social challenges, requiring a multi-faceted approach. This study has implications for social work practice, social policy, and future research. It highlights the potential of 'Housing First' as a component of a comprehensive support system for care leavers, emphasising the need for integrated services and a holistic understanding of youth homelessness. While the findings are promising, it is crucial to interpret them cautiously due to the study's limitations, including the heterogeneity of 'Housing First' programmes and the potential for publication bias. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of 'Housing First' and to identify best practices for implementation in diverse contexts.