An archaeological approach to the Jesuits’ complex in Valletta, Malta

Abstract

This study examines the 450 years of architectural evolution of the Jesuits' complex since its foundation employing an archaeology of buildings approach based on historic sources. By integrating observations from ongoing restoration and conservation works, the study attempts a reinterpretation of the structural phases and modifications of the complex through time. Developing on an existing project and further consolidating the structure, it explores how the Jesuits through their architects Valeriano, De Rosis, Masuccio and later Bonamici were following principles established for the Il Gesù church in Rome and how over time, the Maltese complex came to be seen as a prototype for Jesuit complexes around the Sicilian Province. This study provides cultural material evidence of imported Baroque trends earlier than previously claimed by the written sources and highlights the yet untapped potential of archaeological methodologies in assessing architectural heritage while showing how to complement the frequently fragmentary nature of the archives. It also makes a strong point for interdisciplinary collaboration and the use of archaeological methodologies to assess and interpret Malta’s architectural heritage.