Smart ports process maturity model : theoretical framework

Abstract

PURPOSE: This paper proposes a theoretical process maturity model tailored specifically for smart ports, addressing unique operational, digital, and environmental requirements to support smart port development. The model aims to bridge existing gaps in the literature by providing a structured framework for assessing maturity across multiple dimensions essential to smart port functionality.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A comprehensive literature review of smart port operations, process maturity models, and environmental sustainability frameworks was conducted to develop the model. The proposed framework comprises five progressive maturity stages—foundational, coordinated, integrated, sustainable, and collaborative network—each assessing a port’s capabilities in digital infrastructure, operational efficiency, environmental sustainability, stakeholder engagement, and safety and security.

FINDINGS: The model provides a structured pathway for ports to incrementally enhance their digital, operational, and environmental practices. Each stage reflects an increasing level of integration, collaborative capability, and compliance with sustainability standards. The model also reveals critical insights into the phased development that can strengthen port competitiveness, resource management, and resilience against logistical disruptions.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Port managers can apply this model as a practical tool for selfassessment, identifying targeted areas for improvement across the five defined dimensions. By advancing through the model’s stages, ports can achieve optimized resource allocation, reduce environmental impact, and foster international collaboration, enhancing their strategic position in the global logistics network.

ORIGINALITY: This model fills a critical gap in the literature by offering a maturity assessment framework uniquely suited to smart ports, integrating digitalization and environmental management in a structured manner that aligns with industry-specific demands.