A comparative analysis of sessile macrofloral and macrofaunal communities from two neighbouring shipwrecks within the Cirkewwa Marine Park, with an inferential analysis of the potential factors contributing to the observed differences

Abstract

This study provides a comparative analysis of benthic organisms on two scuttled shipwrecks, the MV Rozi and the P29, within the Cirkewwa Marine Park in Malta. These wrecks function as tourist attractions and artificial reefs and offer insights into the ecological benefits of such structures in marine conservation and tourism. The study used scuba-diving-based surveys and hydrochemical data loggers to assess biodiversity metrics, including species richness, abundance and environmental parameters over a four-month period. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in species composition on the two vessels, which are influenced by vessel-specific characteristics and environmental factors. The P29 exhibited higher species richness, whereas the MV Rozi showed higher biodiversity. Seasonal variations were modest, with the most notable differences occurring when comparing May with August. The findings underscore the ecological role of shipwrecks as artificial reefs and provide guidance for future scuttling practices to improve marine biodiversity while trying to balance conservation and recreational interests.