Ritual performance and theatricality at the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum

Abstract

It is evident that the Late Neolithic culture that lived on the Maltese islands enacted a complex series of ritual performances within ‘temple’ buildings found in at least thirty sites scattered throughout the two major islands. One structure in particular, the Hypogeum of Ħal Saflieni (circa 4100 - 2500 BCE), served as a focal point for ritual; indeed, the theatrical and acoustic elements implemented in the structural design reveal some of the most sophisticated Neolithic technologies of the time. Taking into account parameters of staging architecture, spatial dimensions, participant-access, sound studies, 3D modelling, phenomenological performance experimentation, and its relevance as a necropolis site, it is apparent that this society developed a complex performative culture. This study investigates the performative praxis and concomitant development of proto-theatrical architecture in Neolithic Malta, inferred through a close examination of the Hypogeum of Ħal Saflieni and a comparative analysis with the Xagħra Circle as a complex, ritualised space—one which yields important insights into the evolution of both theatre and funerary ritual.