Comparison of oral health attitudes, behaviours, and knowledge between those with an oral piercing/s and those without

Abstract

Oral and perioral piercings have gained significant popularity, especially among younger persons, however their possible effects on oral health remain insufficiently studied. This study sought to examine disparities in oral health attitudes, practices, and knowledge between those with a history of oral piercings and those without, within the Maltese community. The primary study topic investigated the existence of significant differences in oral health behaviours and awareness related to oral piercing experience. A cross-sectional survey was performed via an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire available in English and Maltese. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were utilised to recruit participants, supplemented by assistance from licensed body piercing establishments. A total of 2,354 legitimate responses were gathered. Descriptive statistics were succeeded by inferential analysis employing chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests to assess relationships between piercing status and significant variables. Results demonstrated that oral piercings were more common among younger persons and those with diminished educational qualifications. Although overall oral hygiene practices were largely consistent throughout groups, persons with current piercings exhibited increased adherence to piercing-specific cleanliness routines yet were also more prone to engage in potentially detrimental behaviours, such as manipulating the jewellery. A significant correlation was noted between the experience of oral piercing and smoking status, with increased smoking frequency associated with a higher incidence of piercings. Individuals with prior piercings achieved the greatest scores in knowledge evaluations, while current wearers obtained the lowest scores, especially with virus transmission hazards. These findings indicate that knowledge frequently enhances retroactively rather than before acquiring a piercing. The results underscore the necessity for improved counselling and teaching in clinical environments and at the time of piercing. Dental practitioners must consistently enquire about piercings and provide specific counsel, while public health initiatives and professional partnerships with piercing establishments could enhance preventive awareness and mitigate issues.