Gender as a determinant of oral health behaviours : a study on the Maltese population

Abstract

Oral health behaviours vary across demographic groups, with gender being a key influencing factor. In Malta, there is limited data on how gender differences impact oral hygiene practices and dental service utilisation. This study aimed to explore gender-based differences in oral health behaviours within the Maltese population. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed to adult participants. The survey assessed oral hygiene habits, dental attendance patterns, and oral health beliefs. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyse gender-related differences. Females were significantly more likely to brush twice daily, attend regular dental check-ups, and express concern about oral health. Males, in contrast, tended to seek treatment only when symptomatic (p < 0.05). In contrast, males had fewer missing teeth and demonstrated greater awareness of sugar-free beverage options. These findings suggest that gender plays a significant role in shaping oral health behaviours among the Maltese population and thus showcases a need for gender-sensitive public health strategies.