Reviewing and analysing fabrics of early Neolithic Skorba phase pottery found in the Maltese islands

Abstract

Excavations at Skorba in the 1960s led to the identification of two distinctive pottery phases, Grey Skorba and Red Skorba which are both characterised by prominent white inclusions or ‘grit’. While Skorba wares differ from other Neolithic wares, similar inclusions are occasionally found in other pottery phases from the late Għar Dalam phase up to the Medieval period. Although similarities are noticeable, fabric analysis of Early Neolithic ceramics from the Maltese Islands, particularly at the microscopic level, remains relatively limited. This study presents an analysis of 30 Skorba phase ceramic samples using both microscopic and macroscopic techniques. Temper particle size and shape were examined under a stereomicroscope, while texture, thickness, and surface treatment were recorded macroscopically to observe whether they indicate any differences between fine and coarse. The results show a general consistency between both methods in identifying fine and coarse sherds, although several samples exhibited features of both. Fabric analysis, primarily focusing on the temper particles, further shed light on the differences between Grey and Red Skorba. The results revealed only minimal variation, supporting recent interpretations that these phases may reflect stylistic preferences rather than a clear chronological distinction. These findings highlight the complexity of ceramic classification and the potential value of combining multiple analytical approaches.