Professional perspectives on key factors in youth addiction rehabilitation : a comprehensive inquiry

Abstract

This study investigates professional perspectives on key factors influencing youth addiction rehabilitation in Malta. As youth addiction remains a pressing public health issue, this research seeks to understand how professionals experience and interpret effective rehabilitation strategies, the impact of social and systemic influences, and the relational dynamics that support or hinder recovery. The study responds to a notable gap in local literature by foregrounding the lived experiences of practitioners who work directly with adolescents in addiction recovery. A qualitative, phenomenological methodology was employed to explore these experiences in depth. Five professionals from diverse roles within youth rehabilitation services— including psychologists, counsellors, and residential coordinators—were interviewed using semi-structured formats. The interviews, lasting 60 to 90 minutes, were thematically analysed to extract shared meanings and insights. Ethical integrity was maintained throughout, with pseudonyms assigned and data anonymised in accordance with FREC requirements. Findings revealed four overarching themes. First, participants highlighted the importance of the therapeutic relationship, describing how emotional availability, authentic presence, and trust-building are central to adolescent engagement and long-term progress. Second, professionals emphasised the influence of family and social environments. Many adolescents were described as coming from unstable or rejecting systems, with peer groups and community support networks playing a crucial role in either recovery or relapse. Third, the lack of continuity in services and long-term aftercare was noted as a major barrier. Participants shared concerns about fragmented service models, limited follow-up, and the abrupt transition from residential programmes back into high-risk environments. Fourth, the emotional and ethical labour of working with vulnerable youth emerged as a theme. Professionals spoke about managing emotional boundaries, sustaining motivation, and the need for peer support and reflective practice. This study contributes to the growing advocacy for integrated, developmentally-informed, and relationship-driven models of addiction rehabilitation. It recommends investment in long-term aftercare, stronger inter-agency collaboration, and professional supervision frameworks. By prioritising youth voices, community inclusion, and practitioner well-being, services can more effectively respond to the complex realities of adolescent addiction recovery.