The involvement of speech-language pathologists in head and neck care teams : healthcare professionals’ perspective

Abstract

The speech-language pathologists’ (SLP) role in head and neck care (HNC) is critical in ensuring a good quality of life (QoL) maintenance amongst the HN population experiencing compromised swallowing, speech, and communication abilities. Several studies have reported an overall lack of awareness amongst medical professions (MPs) and allied healthcare professionals (AHPs) within the acute hospital setting, regarding the SLPs role and scope of practice. Furthermore, available research indicated that SLPs are not always regarded appropriately involved within the HN multidisciplinary teams (MDTs). In Malta, no study has explored this yet. Thus, this study’s purpose was to explore local healthcare professionals’ (HPs) and SLPs’ perspective and awareness on the SLPs involvement within local HNC teams. This research also aimed to report on the presence of a MDT approach, barriers faced in practice, and the training needs of local HPs and SLPs. A mixed-method approach was implemented, collecting data through an online survey-based questionnaire, completed by 54 HPs and SLPs, and 13 interviews. Local HPs and SLPs identified an overall lack, yet improved awareness amongst MDT members, with a moderate level of familiarity with the SLPs role in HNC. A good rapport between HPs and SLPs is present locally, with most referrals and awareness of the SLPs role pertaining to swallowing, communication, and speech difficulties. Lack of staff, time, and communication were the main barriers reported. All participants identified a need for improved undergraduate training and the importance of further specialised training within the HN area. Findings recognise the need for further SLP involvement in MDTs and an improved referral system. Results also implicate a need for further awareness and education on the SLPs role within HN amongst HPs, SLPs and the public alike.