Application of green practices within the distribution sector

Abstract

Introduction: Decreasing the environmental impact of activities related to the distribution of medications is essential to minimise the overall environmental footprint. The purpose of this study was to assess the application of green practices within the pharmaceutical distribution sector. Method: A questionnaire was developed and validated by a panel consisting of one academic pharmacist and two pharmacists working within wholesale and distribution. The questionnaire was disseminated to all local wholesale dealers and distributors listed on the Malta Medicines Authority (MMA) website. The data collected was analysed using Microsoft Excel® for descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 73 participants took part in the study. Distribution companies (n = 66; 90.4%) reported adopting greener practices, including more efficient storage of medicines (n = 48; 18.75%), improving warehouse energy efficiency (n = 43; 16.8%), optimising distribution routes (n = 43; 16.8%), and implementing first-in, first-out (FIFO) mechanisms (n = 43; 16.8%). Participants agreed or strongly agreed that environmental benefits (n = 65; 89%) and improved ethical principles (n = 56; 77.8%) are strong enablers for the adoption of green practices. Thirty-eight participants (52.1%) reported that their company does not carry out an environmental assessment. Participants indicated that this was mainly due to lack of time (n = 22; 68.8%) and lack of information on green practices (n = 21; 60%). Conclusion: Companies are adopting greener practices in pharmaceutical distribution; however, further implementation is required. There is a clear need for education and awareness regarding green practices to enhance the integration of environmentally sustainable approaches. It is important to balance the distribution of safe, high-quality, and efficacious medicines with minimising the associated environmental impact.